The effect of different mouth washes and text messages reminder in the oral health of orthodontic patients

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different mouth washes and to study the effect of text message reminder on the oral health status of orthodontic patients treated with fixed appliances. Methods: This study was a clinical trial with pre-test and post-test control group design, conducted on 24 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment aged 15-30 years. The patients randomly divided into two groups; one received a weekly telephone text massage reminder for the instructions of brushing and rinsing while the second group did not receive any messages. Ortho-plaque index and gingival index were used to evaluate the patient's oral hygiene status. The reading indices after brushing only were regarded as a control, then the patients were instructed to use two mouth washes, one containing sodium fluoride with cetylpyridinium chloride, the second containing chlorhexidine digluconate with cetylpyridinium chloride and Aloe Vera. Each one was used routinely for 4 weeks with the same amount and method. The washout period between the two types mouth washes was 4 weeks with a standardized toothbrush and paste. Results: Ortho-plaque index values decreased over the time between first, second and third visits. However, this index raised up at the fourth visit and again dropdown at the fifth visit. Similar results were detected for gingival index. Also, significant interaction between messages and the assessments was recorded for gingival index with a significant difference between the group of text messages and without text messages group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the combination of sodium fluoride with cetylpyridinium chloride was more potent for plaque control, while chlorhexidine digluconate with cetylpyridinium chloride and Aloe Vera combination showed a better gingival improvement. Moreover, the text messages reminder could enhance, but not replace direct oral hygiene instruction in orthodontic patients

Efficacy of diode laser and sonic agitation of Chlorhexidine and Silver-nanoparticles in infected root canals / Eficácia do laser de diodo e agitação sônica de clorexidina e nanopartículas de prata em canais radiculares infectados

Objective: To assess the efficacy of agitation of chlorohexidine (CHX) and Silver nanoparticles "AgNps" with 810nm diode laser or sonic endoactivator compared to side ­vented needle on infected root canals with Enterococcus "E" Faecalis biofilms. Material and Methods: Sixty-five extracted human premolars with single oval canals were instrumented by protaper system up to F3. Biofilms of E. faecalis were generated based on a previously established protocol. Two teeth were used to check the biofilm formation, then the remaining Teeth were randomly divided into three equal experimental groups according to agitation techniques used: group 1 (810 nm diode laser with 1 watt) , group 2 (sonic endoactivator) and group 3 (Side vented needle). Each group was further divided into three equal subgroups according to the irrigant solution into; subgroup A: chlorohexidine, subgroup B: silver nanoparticles and subgroup C: distilled water: Confocal laser scanning microscopy "CLSM" was used to assess bacterial viability. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical analyses with P = 0.05. Results: Regarding the activation method, all groups had a significantly high percentage of dead bacteria (P < 0.05). However, Laser was significantly the highest and Endoactivator the least (P < = 0.001). Diode laser agitation of AgNps irrigant showed the highest reduction percentage of bacteria (78.1%) with a significant difference with both CHX and water irrigation, Conclusion: Under the condition of the present study; results reinforced that laser activation is a useful adjunct, 810 nm diode laser agitation of AgNps or chlorhexidine was more effective in disinfection of oval root canals than endoactivator and side vented needle techniques. (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da agitação de clorohexidina (CHX) e nanopartículas de prata (AgNps) , com laser de diodo de 810 nm ou endoativador sônico, em comparação à agulha de ventilação lateral, em canais radiculares infectados com biofilmes de Enterococcus "E"; Faecalis. Material e Métodos: Sessenta e cinco pré-molares humanos com um único canal oval, extraídos, foram instrumentados pelo sistema protaper até F3. Os biofilmes de E. faecalis foram gerados com base em um protocolo previamente estabelecido. Foram utilizados dois dentes para verificar a formação do biofilme, e os dentes restantes foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais iguais, de acordo com as técnicas de agitação utilizadas: grupo 1 (laser de diodo 810 nm com 1 watt), grupo 2 (endoativador sônico) e grupo 3 (Agulha com ventilação lateral). Cada grupo foi dividido em três subgrupos iguais, de acordo com a solução irrigante; subgrupo A: clorohexidina, subgrupo B: nanopartículas de prata e subgrupo C: água destilada: A microscopia confocal de varredura a laser foi usada para avaliar a viabilidade bacteriana. Os dados foram analisados por análises estatísticas apropriadas com P = 0,05. Resultados: Em relação ao método de ativação, todos osgrupos apresentaram percentual significativamente alto de bactérias mortas (P < 0.05). No entanto, para o laser foi significativamente o mais alto e, para oendoativador, o menos alto (P < = 0.001). A agitação com laser de diodo doirrigante AgNps apresentou a maior porcentagem de redução de bactérias (78,1%), com diferença significativa tanto para irrigação com CHX quanto comágua. Conclusão: Sob as condições do presente estudo; os resultadosreforçaram que a ativação a laser é um complemento útil, a agitação por laserde diodo de 810 nm de AgNps ou clorexidina foi mais eficaz na desinfecção dos canais radiculares ovais do que as técnicas de endoativador e agulha com ventilação lateral. (AU)

Evaluation Of Efficacy Of 0.2% Chlorohexidine Mouthwash As A Pre-Procedural Rinse In Reduction Of Streptococcal Colonies Following Ultrasonic Scaling: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of chlorohexidine mouthrinse as a pre-procedural rinse in reducing streptococcal bacterial colonies.Study Design: A single-centre, double-masked, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial conducted over a period of 15 days. 6 patients were included in the study, patients were first asked to rinse with the placebo (distilled water) for 1 minute before the scaling of control site followed by test site rinsing with chlorhexidine mouthwash for 1 minute. The microbial contamination was checked in the operatory, operator’s mouth mask, the patient’s chest, the operator’s chest and the patient’s breath with the help of agar plates. Results: The results revealed that there was statistically significant reduction in the Colony Forming Units (CFU's) formation. Paired sampled t test was used for checking the statistical significance, confidence interval (CI) was 95% and (p<0.05).There was statistical reduction in CFU's in breath sample, 30 minutes after scaling and less number of CFU’s were formed on the operator’s mask after the scaling of the patients with the use of chlorhexidine as the pre-procedural rinse compared to distilled water. Conclusion: The 0.2% chlorohexidine mouth rinse as a pre-procedural rinse has comparatively greater efficacy than distilled water in reduction of streptococcal colony forming units, however this finding was not statistically significant.[Sachit A NJIRM 2016; 7(5):46-52]